-Vladareanu, R., Mihu, D., Mitran, M., Mehedintu, C., Boiangiu, A., Manolache, M., & Vladareanu, S. (2018). New evidence on oral L. plantarum P17630 product in women with history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC): a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 22(1), 262–267. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201801_14128
Clinical trial over 93 women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. L. plantarum P17630 (5×10 9 CFU/capsule) or placebo were formulated in capsules and administrated orally. This study demonstrates that the administration of oral probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P17630 improves vagina colonization of acid lactic bacteria (an increase of vaginal LBG score) and suggests the use of this oral product to successfully prevent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

-Mändar, R., Sõerunurk, G., Štšepetova, J., Smidt, I., Rööp, T., Kõljalg, S., Saare, M., Ausmees, K., Le, D. D., Jaagura, M., Piiskop, S., Tamm, H., & Salumets, A. (2023). Impact of Lactobacillus crispatus-containing oral and vaginal probiotics on vaginal health: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Beneficial microbes, 14(2), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2022.0091
Clinical trial over 93 women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. L. plantarum P17630 (5×10 9 CFU/capsule) or placebo were formulated in capsules and administrated orally. This study demonstrates that the administration of oral probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P17630 improves vagina colonization of acid lactic bacteria (an increase of vaginal LBG score) and suggests the use of this oral product to successfully prevent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

-Reid, G., Charbonneau, D., Erb, J., Kochanowski, B., Beuerman, D., Poehner, R., & Bruce, A. W. (2003). Oral use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC- 14 significantly alters vaginal flora: randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 64 healthy women.
FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 35(2), 131–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00465-0
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 64 healthy women given daily oral capsules of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 for 60 days showed no adverse effects. Microscopy analysis showed restoration from asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis microflora to a normal lactobacilli colonized microflora in 37% women during lactobacilli treatment compared to 13% on placebo (P = 0.02). Lactobacilli were detected in more women in the lactobacilli-treated group than in the placebo group at 28 day (P = 0.08) and 60 day (P = 0.05) test points.
Culture findings confirmed a significant increase in vaginal lactobacilli at day 28 and 60, a significant depletion in yeast at day 28 and a significant reduction in coliforms at day 28, 60 and 90 for lactobacilli-treated subjects versus controls. The combination of probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L.
fermentum RC-14 is not only safe for daily use in healthy women, but it can reduce colonization of the vagina by potential pathogenic bacteria and yeast.

– Martinez, R. C., Seney, S. L., Summers, K. L., Nomizo, A., De Martinis, E. C., & Reid, G. (2009). Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 on the ability of Candida albicans to infect cells and induce inflammation. Microbiology and immunology, 53(9), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00154.x Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 have been previously shown to be useful as adjuvants in the treatment of women with Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). In order to demonstrate and better understand the anti-Candida
activity of the probiotic microorganisms in an in vitro model simulating vaginal candidiasis, a human vaginal epithelial cell line (VK2/E6E7) was infected with C. albicans 3153a and then challenged with probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 and/or L. reuteri RC-14 or their respective Cell-free supernatant (CFS), alone or in combination. At each time point (0, 6, 12 and 24 hr), numbers of yeast, lactobacilli and viable VK2/E6E7 cells were determined and, at 0, 6 and 12 hr, the supernatants were measured for cytokine levels. At 24 hr of co-incubation, L. reuteri RC-14 alone and in combination with L. rhamnosus GR-1 decreased the yeast population recoverable from the cells. Also, L. reuteri RC-14 alone and together with L. rhamnosus GR-1 have the potential to inhibit the yeast growth and their CFS may up-regulate inflammatory markers as IL-8 and IP-10 secretion by
vaginal cells (VK2/E6E7), which could possibly have played an important role in helping to clear VVC in vivo

-Maity, C., Gupta PhD, A. K., Saroj, D. B., Biyani, A., Bagkar, P., Kulkarni, J., & Dixit, Y. (2021). Impact of a Gastrointestinal Stable Probiotic Supplement Bacillus coagulans LBSC on Human Gut Microbiome Modulation. Journal of dietary supplements, 18(6), 577–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2020.1814931
Bacillus coagulans treatment showed positive modulation in gut microbiota, especially up regulation of phyla such as Actinobacteria and
Firmicutes, whereas down regulation of Bacteroids, Proteobacteria, Streptophyta and Verrucomicrobia.
Simultaneously, it has altered various microbiota associated metabolic pathways to create the normalcy of gut microenvironment.

-Reid, G., Bruce, A. W., Fraser, N., Heinemann, C., Owen, J., & Henning, B. (2001). Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 30(1), 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01549.x
Probiotic lactobacilli can be delivered to the vagina following oral intake. In 10 women with a history of recurrent yeast vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and urinary tract infections, strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 suspended in skim milk and given twice daily for 14 days, were recovered from the vagina and identified by morphology and molecular typing within 1 week of commencement of therapy. In six cases of asymptomatic BV or intermediate BV (based upon Nugent scoring) was resolved within 1 week of therapy.